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How Does My DNA Work?
by: Babu G. Ranganathan
The subject of DNA is very much in the headlines and news but very few
have bothered to learn or understand just how this amazing molecule works
and how it makes us what we are from head to toe. Haven't you ever asked
yourself how you got your nose, eyes, ears, fingers, toes, and everything
else? How did your DNA bring all this about? Before we answer that
question we need to know just a few simple things about DNA.
DNA is the abbreviated name for the genetic code and it is exactly that -
a code. It is a molecular string of chemical information.
DNA is located in the nucleus of our cells and is made up of smaller
molecules called nucleic acids. These smaller molecules in DNA are
arranged in a sequence, just like the letters in a sentence. The sequence
of these nucleic acids tell the cells in our body how to build our nose,
eyes, hands, feet, and everything else.
The material our body uses to build new cells comes from the food we eat.
Food is not just for energy. Food is also the "lumber" and "bricks" the
body uses to build new cells. When a cell multiplies it makes more cells
of the same size. The only way to do this is by getting new material and
that new material comes from food.
Think about it! When we were in our mother's womb we started off as a
single cell not even weighing an ounce at conception. Eventually we
developed arms, hands, legs, feet and organs such as brain, heart, lungs,
liver, stomach, until we had a complete body. It's true that the single
cell we once were multiplied into many more cells, but where did the
material come from for that one cell to multiply into billions of more
cells of equal size and eventually making a body weighing several pounds
from something that didn't even weigh an ounce in the beginning. The
material came from our mother's food.
When food is digested and broken down to its basic amino acids the various
amino acids are then rearranged in a certain sequence to form cells that
make up the various tissues and organs. What sequence these amino acids
come together in is determined by the sequence of the molecules in DNA.
Remember, even after all our organs are formed the cells that make up our
organs are continually dying and need to be replaced. Again, the material
to make more cells to replace the ones that are dying comes from food.
Thus, when you feed your dog a T-Bone steak your dog's DNA will make sure
that steak is digested and rearranged to form the various parts of your
dog, but when you eat the same steak your DNA will make sure that the
steak is digested and rearranged to form human parts.
The sequence in DNA differs from individual to individual and from species
to species. For an analogy think of a library where all the books are in
one language. In the library there are different books on different topics
and subjects. All the books share the letters from the same alphabet, but
the sequence in which these letters are arranged are different from book
to book. The sequence of the letters makes the difference between a book
on chemistry and a romance novel!
When scientists study genes they are studying segments of the DNA
molecule. The goal of the human genome project was to locate where the
various genes are on the DNA. Only in this way can we begin to understand
how to use genetic engineering to correct various genetically caused
disorders and maladies. Faulty genes arise from mutations. Mutations are
accidental changes in the sequence of the genetic code caused by radiation
and other environmental forces. Most biological variations, however, are
not from mutations but from new combinations of already existing genes.
Because they are accidents in the genetic code, almost all mutations are
harmful. Even if a good mutation does occur for every good one there would
be hundreds of harmful ones with the net effect over time being harmful,
if not lethal, to the species as a whole.
Evolutionists hope that with enough time and with enough mutations new
genes for entirely new traits will be produced leading to the evolution of
new biological kinds. There is no evidence that this can happen from
accidental changes in the sequence of the genetic code, anymore than it's
possible to change a romance novel into a book on chemistry by accidental
changes in the sequence of the letters.
At the very best mutations can only produce new varieties of already
existing genes or traits, but not new genes or new traits. For example,
mutations in the gene for human hair may change that gene so that another
type of human hair develops but the mutations won't change the gene so
that feathers or wings develop!
No one has shown that DNA can come into existence by chance! It takes DNA
to get DNA! Yes, the individual molecules that make up DNA have been shown
to be able to come into existence by chance. But, it has never been shown
that those individual molecules can come together into a sequence by
chance to form the genetic code.
Science cannot prove the existence of God but the scientific evidence
shows that DNA, life, and the universe are not here by chance. For more
information on this please read my other articles and, especially, my
essay "The Natural Limits of Evolution" at my website www.religionscience.com.
Sincerely, Babu G. Ranganathan (B.A. Bible/Biology)
About The Author
The author, Babu G. Ranganathan, is an
experienced Christian writer. He has his B.A. with academic
concentrations in Bible and Biology. As a religion and science
writer he has been recognized in the 24th edition of Marquis Who's
Who In The East. The author has a website at: www.religionscience.com.
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